PIS BARODA STD-10

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A homogenous, naturally occurring substance with definable internal structure is called mineral. Types of Minerals 1.     Metallic a.     Ferrous (containing iron): Iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. b.     Non-ferrous: Copper, lead, tin, bauxite, etc. c.     Precious: Gold, silver, platinum, etc. 2.     Non-metallic: Mica, salt, potash, sulphur, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, etc. 3.     Energy Minerals: Coal, petroleum and natural gas Mode of occurrence of minerals: In igneous and metamorphic rocks:  The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger occurrences are called lodes. They are usually formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upwards through cavities towards the earth’s surface. Examples: tin, copper, zinc, lead, etc. In sedimentary rocks:  In these rocks, minerals occur i...

                  Manufacturing industries Classification of Manufacturing Industry Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing the raw materials into more valuable products is called manufacturing. Importance of Manufacturing Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture; which forms the backbone of our economy. Apart from this, manufacturing industries also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income. This becomes possible because of creation of new jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange. A country with high level of manufacturing activities becomes prosperous. Contribution of Industry to National Economy The share of manufacturing sector in the GDP (Gross Domesti...

Money and Credit Next ChapterList Barter System :  The barter system was used before the advent of money. People used to exchange one thing for another in this system. Double Coincidence of wants:  The double coincidence of wants is the major drawback of the barter system. It can be very difficult to find a person who can fulfill this condition. Suppose you want to barter your MP3 player with a game console, then you need to find a person who wants to barter his game console for an MP3 player. Money Money is a means by which we can get something in exchange . Initially, coins came into use. The coins were initially made of precious metals; like gold and silver. When the precious metals became too precious, ordinary metals were being used for making coins. Paper money or currency notes gradually took place of coins; although coins of smaller denominations are still in use. The currency notes and coins are issued by the government of an authorized body. In Indi...

                                                                                                   Political parties A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. They agree on some policies and programmes for the society with a view to promote the collective good. A political party tries to convince people that its policies are better than others’ policies. They try to win elections so that they can implement their policies. Thus, parties reflect fundamental political divisions in a society. Parties are about a part of the society and thus involve PARTISANSHIP. Thus a party is known by which part it stands for, which policies it supports and whose interests it upho...