SS Hist-Nationalism in Europe :Dt:1/4/21

                                                                      Ch 1 Nationalism in Europe

Chapter-1

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Frederic Sorrieu’ dream on Nationalism

    

1.     In 1848, FrédéricSorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics’.
2.     It shows the peoples of Europe and America marching in a long train, and offering homage to the statue of Liberty as they pass by it.
3. 3.   On the earth in the foreground of the image lie the shattered   remains of the symbols of absolutistinstitutions.
4. 4.    United States and Switzerland, which by this time were already nation-states. France has just reached the statue.
5. 5.     Following the French people, peoples of Germany, Austria, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia are marching in the long train. From the heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene.

Nation-state

Nation-statewas one in which the majority of itscitizenscame to develop a sense of commonidentity and shared history or descent.

The French revolutionariesintroduced various measures and practices thatcould create a sense of collective identity amongstthe French people.

• 1.      The ideas of la patrie(thefatherland) and le citoyen(the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a new constitution.
• 2.      A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replacethe former royal standard.
• 3.      The Estates General was renamed as the National Assembly and its members were elected by thebody of active citizens.
• 4.      New hymnwas composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. (Marseillaise,composed by the poet Roget de L Isle was sung for the first time byvolunteers from Marseillesas they marched into Paris and so got itsname. The Marseillaise is now the national anthem of France)
• 5.      A centralized administrative systemwas put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizenswithin its territory.
• 6.      Internal customs duties and dues were abolishedand a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
• 7.      Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spokenand written in Paris, became the National language of the nation.